Current challenges of urbanization - economic view

Abstract

The modern economy relates to industrialization, the development of cities and new technologies. A new reality is when the gross domestic product (GDP) of individual cities, regions or districts is greater than its value for some developed countries, and the population density in such a region increases several times a year. All this form the new economic situation, namely, the economy associated with the city as an urban center. In the future, the focus should be on researching the factors that determine successful cities as emerging cities. It is also necessary to investigate which economic factors are dominant in the new centers, in contrast to the classical approach. The authors also consider it expedient to investigate the combination of environmental factors and real estate in suburban areas, as they affect the growth or decrease of population growth, and in the future, they can play a significant role in urban development in the urban center. According to the results of the research, we consider it expedient to introduce a new definition of the term urbanization based on research and hypotheses, as well as focusing on economic factors. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the first industrial centers have been formed, which subsequently identified the economically successful countries of the world. The low-key factors that have formed several such countries are the transfer, expansion and formation of centers around new industrial complexes. The increase in the number of industrial enterprises, factories, industrial complexes and other objects of industrialization has led to very rapid population growth in these regions. In our opinion, this has become one of the key factors that have determined the development of urbanization and continue to significantly affect it. The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century with certainty can be called the new period of development of urbanization in the world.However, in the next period of human development, new attributes emerged, such as ecology, the concept of human well-being and the development of high technologies. In the modern world, economic regions that are located within certain urban centers in the United States, China, Europe and Asia are becoming increasingly important. Over the past hundred years, the borders of most cities have greatly expanded in almost all countries, starting with Europe, continuing to India, Japan, and Latin American countries. Cities and urban centers are largely influencing and shaping the modern economies of the states. Due to the rapid industrial development, industrialization of the countries of the world, namely, the third and fourth industrial revolutions, the centers of human life are transferred from rural to small and large cities. Automation and robotization of most industrial and industrial processes, as well as a large part of everyday work in human life, makes it possible in those economic zones and regions where there is a high concentration of new enterprises, technical and technological centers - San Francisco (USA), London (England), New York (USA), Seoul (Korea), Taipei (Taiwan) and others What do we mean by the process of urbanization? Urbanization is the development of urban areas and the development of neighboring districts - infrastructure. The process of urbanization itself is not new. He accompanies the entire history of mankind and is known for a long time. This process began with the development of settlements of the Mayan tribe, the Middle East and the heyday of the Chinese Empire. This process was also observed in the territory of present-day Ukraine, as evidenced by the Trypillian culture. However, in the world, there is still no clearly defined consensus on how to define the process of urbanization and when classifying cities as urban centers. Obviously, despite the importance and relevance of the topic of research, issues, and problems caused by urbanization, especially in t