Advances in Hydrogel‐Based Electronic Skins: From Material Design to Multifunctional Applications

Abstract

ABSTRACT Electronic skin (e‐skin) is initially developed to mimic human skin but has evolved significantly, gradually surpassing natural skin's capabilities. Among various materials, hydrogels have emerged as ideal candidates for e‐skin fabrication due to their unique flexibility, biocompatibility, and skin‐like texture. This review begins by examining hydrogel material preparation methods and underlying mechanisms, then discusses material design strategies for hydrogel‐based e‐skin. We summarize the latest developments in this field and emerging trends in functionalization, with particular emphasis on applications in smart wearable devices, soft robotics, and human‐machine interfaces. Finally, we address the challenges in improving material performance and expanding application domains. This comprehensive review aims to provide researchers in the hydrogel field with novel approaches to functionalization.