IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

Abstract

Purpose: Dynamic development of modern technology is undeniable, and applications resulting from modern technology have already influenced the employment of services in the tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to examine possible structural changes and provide resourceful perspectives with the extent of how far the technological advances brought by Industry 4.0 will substitute for the manpower. Methodology: The research was conducted using a face-to-face interview technique, which is one of the methods of qualitative research in order to examine the effect of Industry 4.0 on the employment structures of the tourism industry in detail. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by adding some questions that made the study original. Design/Approach: 17 semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with tourism industry managers based in Turkey to find out foreseen impacts of current technological improvements on the labour structure of the tourism industry. The reason for conducting a semi-structured interview is that this technique allows the elaboration of the research by asking additional questions, although the questions are determined. Findings: The results of this study indicate that dehumanization is not possible at all levels of tourism services, and technological developments lead to a task-sharing work environment between the manpower and robots. New occupations emerge while some are being eliminated. Demographic factors are prominent in the technological adaptation of both by customers and employees. Originality: This study is important in terms of seeing the perspectives of manpower in tourism within the framework of smart industry development and seeing the needs for its development. The conclusion provides managerial and theoretical perspectives resulted from study findings.