A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Minimally Invasive Hernia Repair: Historical Milestones to Modern Clinical Practice

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review This comprehensive review aims to trace the historical evolution of hernia repair techniques, from ancient methods to modern minimally invasive approaches. It aims to highlight the key developments in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted hernia repair, emphasizing their clinical benefits and economic impacts. By examining the advancements in surgical technology and techniques, this review provides an in-depth understanding of how these innovations have improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and transformed the field of hernia surgery. Additionally, the review discusses the future potential of these techniques, particularly the role of robotic-assisted surgery, in further enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of hernia repair. Recent Findings Annually, over 20 million groin hernias and over 700,000 ventral hernias are repaired worldwide, with significant numbers in the United States alone. Techniques such as Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) and Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP) have revolutionized hernia repair by reducing postoperative pain, shortening recovery times, and improving cosmetic outcomes. The introduction of robotic-assisted surgery has further enhanced precision and control, especially in complex and recurrent hernia cases. Summary Hernia repair techniques have evolved from rudimentary methods to sophisticated surgical interventions, particularly with the advent of minimally invasive procedures in the late twentieth century. This review traces the historical evolution of hernia repair, highlights key developments in minimally invasive techniques, and discusses their current applications in clinical practice, emphasizing the significant improvements in patient outcomes and increasing future potential of robotic-assisted hernia repair.