Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between Robotic Transaxillary and Conventional Open Thyroidectomy in Pediatric Thyroid Cancer

Abstract

Thyroid cancer in children is very uncommon. For pediatric thyroid cancer, robotic surgery has served as a minimally invasive surgical alternative to conventional open surgery. Our study aimed to evaluate the results of robotic versus open surgical treatment for patients with thyroid cancer younger than 20 years of age at the time of diagnosis. This retrospective review included 161 pediatric patients who underwent robotic transaxillary or conventional open thyroidectomy at our institution from 2008 to 2019. Of these patients, 99 comprised the robotic group and 62 the open group. Patient demographics, surgical outcomes, and disease-free survival rates were compared between the two groups. Patients in the open group were more likely to have advanced stage diseases with a larger tumor size and higher tumor-node-metastasis stage than those in the robotic group. Operation time and follow-up period were similar in both groups. Patients in the robotic group had a lower rate of postoperative complications and a shorter length of hospital stay, but they also had a lower average number of retrieved central lymph nodes. However, there were no significant between group differences in recurrence rates and disease-free survival. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, robotic thyroidectomy is a feasible and safe option for pediatric patients.