Battery-less Long-Range LTE-M Water Leak Detector

Abstract

This work presents a self powered water leak sensor that eliminates both batteries and local gateways. The design integrates a dual compartment electrochemical harvester, a low input boost converter with supercapacitor storage, and a comparator gated LTE-M radio built on the Nordic Thingy:91 platform. Laboratory tests confirm that the system can be awakened from a dormant state in the presence of water, harvest sufficient energy, and issue repeated cloud beacons using the water exposure as the power source. Beyond conventional LTE-M deployments, the system's compatibility with 3GPP standard cellular protocols paves the way for future connectivity via non terrestrial 5G networks, enabling coverage in infrastructure scarce regions.