Space mining: a review of current research and developments

摘要

Due to gradual depletion of the Earth’s resources, space mining, which was once a futuristic idea, is now rapidly becoming an area of active research. This paper provides an overview of relevant research and engineering developments aimed at creating new methods and technologies for resource extraction on extraterrestrial celestial bodies such as the Moon or asteroids. The study shows the resource potential that humankind can begin to exploit for its needs and provides a brief list of already active programs of different space agencies aimed at further space exploration. The paper discusses the existing technological advances and commercial interests promoting this activity. Besides, it shows such promising space mining areas as automated robotic systems, biomining, various kinds of blasting, and transportation of asteroid parts to the Earth for further extraction of useful components. The paper also provides information on the existing life support technologies required to secure comfortable existence of the specialists on the space bodies, in case the chosen technology implies it. Relying on the analysis of the current state of research and development, the authors conclude that further efforts in the area of space mining are promising and important for the future exploration of outer space and for meeting humanity’s resource needs.