Digitalization of Business in the USA, Europe and Japan as a Basis for the Development of Global Markets for Goods and Services

摘要

In the course of the research, a system approach was applied to comprehensively assess the impact of digital technologies on the transformation of businesses in the USA, European countries, and Japan. The methods used include analysis and synthesis to allocate key digital technologies in the business environment and their impact on various sectors of the economy; comparison to substantiate the distinctive features and differences of the American, European, and Japanese models of business digitalization; logical generalization to identify the consequences and results of digitalization; empirical analysis to examine practical cases of innovation implementation in the business sectors of the USA, Europe, and Japan. The article analyzes the peculiarities of digital transformation of businesses in the USA, European countries, and Japan. The key technologies of business digitalization at the present stage (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, blockchain, robotic process automation) have been allocated and characterized; their advantages, weaknesses, and significance have been analyzed; their impact on increasing productivity, optimizing business processes, and enhancing competitiveness has been demonstrated. The characteristics and main differences between the American, European, and Japanese models of digitalization have been substantiated. It is found that active government support for business through targeted programs fosters the implementation of innovations in small businesses, which is one of the drivers of digitalization. The research summarizes the experience of business digitalization in the USA and other developed countries, reveals the advantages of the American model of digitalization, and assesses the impact of innovation-based technologies on economic development. The model of digitalization in the USA has been constructed for the first time, revealing its core elements - sectors, levels, industries, implementation areas, directions, methods and techniques of regulation, incentives, restrictions, and substantiating the interconnections between them. The role of the allocated key technologies in shaping new business models of enterprises has been systematized. The obtained results can be utilized in the process of forming digital transformation strategies at both the enterprise level and the State policy level. They are also beneficial for small and medium enterprises striving to adapt the successful practices of the USA, European countries, and Japan to local conditions.