Advancements in Hand Assistive Technologies for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Innovations

摘要

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability globally, with hand motor impairments limiting daily activities and quality of life. This systematic review evaluates the development and effectiveness of hand assistive devices for stroke rehabilitation. A comprehensive search across Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, and Science Open identified 19,196 documents, with 144 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Robotic systems (30 %) and exoskeleton devices (24 %) dominate, reflecting trends toward wearable, movementaugmenting technologies. Mechanical systems (13 %), soft robotics (10 %), and bio-signal integration techniques like EEG (8%) and EMG (7%) indicate diverse rehabilitation approaches. Common actuators include electric motors <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(26.76 \%)$</tex> and pneumatic actuators (20.42%). Despite advancements, limitations include underutilization of bio-signal techniques, limited cost-effective solutions, and minimal adoption of emerging actuator technologies. This review highlights the need for adaptable, patient-centered devices to enhance stroke recovery outcomes.