Material Selection Analysis of Amorphous Alloys and Silicon Steel for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors at Different Speeds

摘要

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) occupy a crucial position in high-performance fields such as robotics, automotive, and aerospace due to their advantages of high efficiency, high power density, and precise control. High-speed interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM), which integrate the structural advantages of PMSM with high-speed operation requirements, demonstrate outstanding performance in power density and efficiency, making them suitable for high-end applications with strict requirements for rotational speed and efficiency. However, during operation, iron loss increases significantly with the rise in rotational speed, which severely restricts the improvement of motor efficiency. Therefore, selecting materials with low iron loss has become a key measure to enhance motor performance. Amorphous alloys exhibit the advantage of low iron loss. To explore the critical rotational speed points where this advantage can be optimally utilized and the underlying laws, this paper focuses on the study of the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys and silicon steel. First, a more accurate mathematical model of iron loss is used to decompose the iron loss of soft magnetic materials. Second, the properties of the two soft magnetic materials are tested and compared. Finally, highspeed IPMSM with stator core materials of amorphous alloy and silicon steel are modeled and simulated using finite element methods. The electromagnetic performances of the two materials under rated conditions are analyzed, corresponding laws are summarized, and the variation laws of iron loss of the two materials at different rotational speeds are explored, providing an effective reference for material selection of motors under different rotational speed conditions.