Investigating the Applicability of Industry 4.0 Technologies in Road Construction Projects: A Quantitative Research Design From Construction 4.0 Perspectives

摘要

ABSTRACT Construction 4.0 (C4.0), a direct application of Industry 4.0 principles, is a substantial advancement in road construction projects (RCPs). It involves integrating digital technologies into various stages of RCPs. This study thus assessed the applicability of C4.0 in 112 ongoing RCPs in Tanzania. Data analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 software. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to determine the factors that affect C4.0 on RCPs and to illustrate the effect of C4.0 readiness on the applicability of C4.0 in RCPs. Some of the confirmed technologies include big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), building information modeling (BIM), computer simulation, cloud computing, 3D printing, Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), automated survey, robotics, digital twin, drones, smart sensor, virtual reality (VR), machine learning, and cognitive computing. These technologies can enhance planning and design, optimize construction processes, and improve maintenance and management. BIM facilitates visualization, clash detection, and coordination between RCPs' stakeholders. Automation and robotics enhance speed, precision, and safety, while IoT and sensors deliver real‐time data for informed, proactive decision‐making. AI and machine learning optimize resource allocation and predict delays. AR and VR can visualize construction plans and guide workers. The RCPs are now ready to implement C4.0 technologies. The analysis revealed that communalities are above the minimum value of 0.5, accounting for 73.54% of the readiness level. The overall readiness level is 2.93 out of 5.0, indicating that companies' readiness to engage in RCPs is operating at Level 2 (intermediate level). Lastly, the study suggests that public road construction agencies adopt strategies to successfully implement C4.0 on road projects, including enhancing employee skills and knowledge, adapting regulatory frameworks, improving data management, securing external support, planning financial arrangements, implementing C4.0 technologies, strengthening existing technological capabilities within the company, and fostering collaboration.