Robot-assisted surgery

摘要

The development and evolution of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) have marked a transformative journey in healthcare and digital medicine. Beginning with the concept of remotely controlled devices that could perform medical procedures in the 1960s, RAS has progressed through various stages, leading to the surgeon-controlled multipurpose robotic surgery systems known today. The advantages of RAS are numerous, including enhanced visualization through 3D high-definition imaging, improved precision with articulated wristed instruments, and superior ergonomics for surgeons that reduce fatigue and strain. Despite these benefits, RAS presents limitations, such as the absence of or decreased haptic feedback, high costs, and specialized training requirements. The da Vinci surgical system by Intuitive Surgical stands out as a dominant player in the field, with its various models performing millions of procedures worldwide across many surgical specialties. In addition to the da Vinci system, emerging competitors and innovations are expanding the scope of RAS. Furthermore, the integration of haptic feedback and future innovations in the areas of Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality promises to revolutionize RAS. These technologies promise to enhance surgical planning, intraoperative decision-making, and training by providing real-time information, improving precision, and creating immersive, risk-free training environments. Legal and ethical considerations are paramount in implementing future advances in RAS to ensure patient safety , informed consent , equity in access, liability, and data security. The future of RAS holds immense potential to redefine surgical practice, driven by ongoing technological advancements, training innovations, and ethical frameworks to safeguard patients' well-being and privacy.