Computer applications of linguistic theory

摘要

Computers that use language proficiently are commonplace in works of fiction and in people's fantasies about technology. Computers traffic in information, and language is the most powerful vehicle for the communication of information. Language is an integral part of our culture, of our psychology, and (some claim) of our genetic constitution. Therefore, when we think about communication, whether among people, among people and machines, or among machines networked together, it is difficult to not also think of language. In a sense, there is a good basis for this association. Programs are statements in a linguistic system. This is the case whether they are applications programs, or the programs that constitute the operating system controlling the shunting of information between different parts of the machine (disk, memory, processor), or the communications software that controls the exchange of information between computers connected together. But in talking about both computers and people as using language we also introduce the possibility of a confusing equivocation which invites the conclusion that the differences between these linguistic systems are superficial, while, in fact, they are profound. A computer language is not just a different language in the sense that French is a language different from English. Had that been the case, the linguistic skills of modern computers would, undoubtedly, be much closer to the fictional fantasies of Karel Čapek's RUR (Rossum's Universal Robot) (Čapek 1920) or the (in)famous HAL in ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’.